Corruption in Leadership: The Final Stage in the Collapse of States, and the Decay and Disintegration of Civilizations: Trump’s America as a Case Study
- Published in Al-Waie Magazine
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The theory of the British historian Arnold Toynbee, who argues that the fall of civilizations begins from within, resulting from the failure of the creative elite to confront challenges and their transformation into an oppressive authority. This leads the majority to abandon the elite, causing societal unity to disintegrate, and domestic divisions to increase, ultimately causing the civilization to collapse in the face of any foreign challenge.
